Kinsey Institute Bibliography
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Penis Size Bibliography

Q. What do you think is the length of the average man's erect penis?
A. 5-7 inches

The Kinsey Institute New Report on Sex (St. Martin's Press, 1990), p. 18.

[Circumference of the average man's erect penis is 4-6 inches. (Gebhard and Johnson, 1979, p. 120).]

This is a selected bibliography of research resources related to penis size compiled in response to frequent questions received by the Institute. The vast majority of men measure within the average genital size range and have a penis size that is more than adequate for sexual functioning. In general, at erection smaller flaccid pensises lengthen by a greater percentage than do larger flaccid penises.

Alter, G.J.  (1995).  Augmentation phalloplasty. Urologic Clinics of

North America, 22(4), 887-902. 



Alter, G.J. (1998).  Penile enlargement surgery.  Techniques in Urology, 

4(2), 10-76.



Alter, G.J. (1997).  Reconstruction of deformities resulting from penile 

enlargement surgery. Journal of Urology, 158(6), 2153-7.



Bogaert, A.F., and Hershberger, S.  (1999)  The relation between sexual 

orienation and penile size.  Archives of Sexual Behavior, 28(3), 213-221.



da Ros, C., et al. (1994).   Caucasian penis:  What is the normal size?  

Journal of  Urology, part 2, 151: 323A, abstract 381.



Fisher, William A., Branscombe, Nyla R., and Lemery, Charles R.  (1983).  

The bigger the better? Arousal and attributional responses to erotic 

stimuli that depict different size penises. Journal of Sex Research, 

19(4), 377-396.



Furr, Karl D.  (1991).  Penis size and magnitude of erectile change as 

spurious factors in estimating sexual arousal.  Annals of Sex Research 

4(3/4), 265-279.



Gebhard, Paul, and Johnson, Alan.  (1979/1998).  The Kinsey Data: Marginal 

Tabulations of the 1938-1963 Interviews Conducted by the Institute for Sex Research (reprint 

edition).  Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Gilbaugh, James H. (1989). A Doctor's Guide to Men's Private Parts.  New 
York : Crown Publishers.

Jamison, P.L., and Gebhard, P.G. (1988).  Penis size increase between 
flaccid and erect states: An analysis of the Kinsey data.  Journal of Sex 
Research, 24, 177-183.

Johnston, J. H.  (1974).  Lengthening of the congenital or acquired short 
penis. British Journal of Urology, 46(6), 685-8.

Jung-Ho Han, Sang-Hwa Park, Bong-Sam Lee and San-Un Choi(1999).  
Erect penile size of Korean men. Venereology 12(4), 135-139.

Lee, P. A., Mazur, T., Danish, R., Amrhein, J., Blizzard, R. M., Money, 
J. and Migeon, C. J. (1980).  Micropenis. I. Criteria, etiologies and 
classification. Johns Hopkins Medical Journal, 146:156.

Lee, Peter A. (1996).  Survey report: Concept of penis size.  Journal of 
Sex & Marital Therapy, 22(2), 131-135.

Long DC. [Elongation of the penis]. [Chinese]. (1990). Chung-Hua Cheng 
Hsing Shao Shang Wai Ko Tsa Chih - Chinese Journal of Plastic Surgery & 
Burns, 6(1),17-9, 74.

Masters, W. H., and Johnson, V. E.  (1966).   Human Sexual Response. 
Boston: Little, Brown & Co.

Money, John, et al.  (1984).  Micropenis: Adult follow-up and comparison 
of size against new norms.  Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 10(2), 105-114.

Phillip, M., et al. (1996).  Clitoral and penile sizes of full term
newborns in two different ethnic groups. Journal of Pediatric 
Endocrinology & Metabolism, 9(2), 175-9.

Pietropinto, Anthony.  (1986).  Misconceptions about male sexuality.      
Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality, 20(11), 80-85.

Reilly, J.M., and Woodhouse, C.R.  (1989).  Small penis and the male 
sexual role. Journal of Urology, 142(2 Pt 2), 569-71, discussion 572.

Schonfeld, W. A.  (1943).  Primary and secondary sexual characteristics: 
Study of their development in males from birth through maturity, with 
biometric study of penis and testes. American Journal of Diseases of 
Children, 65, 535.

Schonfeld, W. A. and Beebe, G. W.  (1942).   Normal growth and variation
in the male genitalia from birth to maturity.  Journal of Urology, 48, 759.

Siminoski, Kerry.  (1993).  The relationship among height, penile length, 
and foot size.  Annals of Sex Research, 6(3), 231-235.

Smith, D.P., Rickman C., and Jerkins, G.R.  (1995).  Ultrasound 
evaluation of normal penile (corporeal) length in children. Journal of 
Urology, 154(2 Pt 2), 822-4.

Sparling, Joseph.  (1997).  Penile erections: Shape, angle, and length.  
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 23(3), 195-207.

Stock, J.A., Packer, M.G., and Kaplan, G.W. (1995).  Pediatric urology 
facts and figures. Data useful in the management of pediatric urologic 
patients. Urologic Clinics of North America, 22(1),205-19.

Tenzer, Lawrence R.  (1990).  A Completely New Look at Interracial 
Sexuality : Public opinion and Select Commentaries.  Manahawkin, N.J. : 
Scholars' Pub. House, 1990.

Wessells, H., Lue T.F., and McAninch, J.W. (1996).  Complications of
penile lengthening and augmentation seen at 1 referral center.  Journal 
of Urology, 155(5), 1617-20.

Wessells, H., Lue, T.F., and  McAninch, J.W.   (1996).  Penile length in 
the flaccid and erect states: Guidelines for penile augmentation. Journal 
of Urology, 156(3), 995-7. 
  [Data from 80 subjects; mean flaccid length was 8.85 cm. and mean erect
   length was 12.89 cm. The difference between these 2 dimensions was  
   considered the erectile increase (mean 4.04 cm.).]

Winter, Harold C.  (1989).  An examination of the relationships between 
penis size and body image, genital image, and perception of sexual 
competency in the male. Dissertation Abstracts International, 50(5-A), 1225.

Revised: 8/99